Deborah is from the Hebrew Devorah ("bee"). Her victory hymn after the defeat of the Canaanite general Sisera (the Song of Deborah, Judges 5) is considered one of the oldest passages in the Hebrew Bible — possibly dating to the 12th century BCE.
Young's Masquerade (2004) — biography of Deborah Sampson.
Deborah does not currently appear in the US Social Security Administration's top 1,000 girls' names, so we don't publish a US rank or birth count for it. That says nothing about the name's standing elsewhere in the world — only that it sits outside the ranked US data we rely on.
In Pythagorean numerology the letters of Deborah reduce to 8, The Visionary. This is a traditional interpretive system, not a factual claim about the name.